- Ballesteros Panizo, M. (2012). Complejidad y estudio de la comunicación. Phonica, vol.7 

- Bastardas-Boada, A. (2013c).Language policy and planning as an interdisciplinary field: towards a complexity approach. Current Issues in Language Planning, DOI: 10.1080/14664208.2013.829276. 

- Bastardas-Boada, A. (2013d). Sociolinguistics: Towards a Complex Ecological View, in: Massip-Bonet, M. À., & A. Bastardas-Boada (eds.), Complexity perspectives on language, communication and society. Berlin: Springer, pp. 15-34.

As the sociologist Norbert Elias pointed out, there is a need of new procedural models to get to grasp the complex functioning of human-beings-insociety. An ecological complexity approach could be useful to advance our knowledge. How can we think of a sociolinguistic “ecosystem”? What elements do we need to put in such an ecosystem and what analogies could be applied? The (bio)ecological inspiration is a metaphorical exercise to proceed toward a more holistic approach in dynamic sociolinguistics. However, a language is not a species and, therefore, we need to make our complex ecology socio-cognitive and multidimensional. We need to create theories and represent to ourselves how language behaviour is woven together with its contexts in order to maintain language diversity and, at the same time, foster general human intercommunication on a planetary scale.

- Bastardas-Boada, A. (2013e). General Linguistics and Communication Sciences: Sociocomplexity as an Integrative Perspective, in: Massip-Bonet, M. À., & A. Bastardas-Boada (eds.), Complexity perspectives on language, communication and society. Berlin: Springer, pp. 151-173.

The paradigmatic revolutions in 20th-century demand that we reflect on our own paradigms in the light of the great changes in the other disciplines. The elements must not be represented as being outside those of the others, separate and independent, since the interdependencies and integrations are the foundation of reality. We need a dynamic ‘ecologization’  and 'complexification' of thinking, in order to consider the contexts of phenomena in an integrated manner with the phenomena themselves. We are unlikely to be able to understand human behaviour if we do not bring the mind-brain into the foreground of our analyses, as it is where reality is perceived, processed cognitively and emotively, and where – consciously or otherwise – the courses of action that an individual takes are decided. A science that sees language not as an ‘object’ but from a (socio)complexity perspective has a much greater chance of succeeding in the task of making linguistic and communicative phenomena intelligible.

- Bastardas i Boada, A. (2012). L'anglès com a llengua global [English as a global language], in: Vila, F.X. (ed.), Posar-hi la base : usos i aprenentatges lingüístics en el domini català. Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Xarxa CRUSCAT, pp. 109-112.

The aim of this article is to explain the consolidation of English as a global language and the consequences that this may entail. It also aims to clarify the confusion caused by not properly distinguish the functions of languages, and it is required policies for the protection and promotion of linguistic diversity. Several authors that relocate the influence of English and minimize its effects are cited. According to this article, therefore, the evolution of English will have different dynamics in each language community.

-Bastardas i Boada, A. (2011). Language and identity policies in the 'glocal' age: New processes, effects and principles or organization. Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Autonòmics, Generalitat de Catalunya.

Contact between culturally distinct human groups in the contemporary ‘glocal’  -global and local- world is much greater than at any point in history. The challenge we face is the identification of the most convenient ways to organise the coexistence of different human language groups in order that we might promote their solidarity as members of the same culturally developed biological species. Processes of economic and political integration currently in motion are seeing increasing numbers of people seeking to become polyglots. Thus, English is establishing itself as the usual world supra-language, although it coexists with other lingua francas that are widely used in certain parts of the globe. All this communicative reorganization of the human species may very well pose new problems and aggravate existing tensions as regards language and identity. It would seem that these processes comprise at least four major conceptual dimensions which must be taken into account above all else, as they are both widespread and, left unaddressed, may lead to significant social instability. These dimensions concern linguistic recognition, communicability, sustainability and integration. While accepting the utility of having an inter-national language, the keystone of the system is clearly that it must ensure the linguistic sustainability of each group. The basic principle is likely to be functional subsidiarity, i.e., whatever can be done by the local language should not be done by another one which is more global. As in the quote from Paracelsus  --“the dose alone makes the poison”-- contact between languages is not ‘poisonous’ per se, but when the correct dose is exceeded it can prove harmful to the language whose position is weaker. A multilingual and communicated humanity is possible. 

- Bastardas Boada, A. (2010). "Towards a global model of linguistic ecology", Catalan International View  5 (Winter 2009-2010).

In this article, we explore the consequences of the globalization process, which forms a new sociolinguistic situation. Specifically, this article explains the tendency of society to be bilingual or polyglot socially and the linguistic impact caused by the displacement of a majority language group to another area where there is another stablished code. Of these two consequences and all derived from globalization, public institutions are the responsible ones to deal with linguistic needs and problems.

This article also presents the utility of the complex and ecological perspective to solve problems arising from language contact. Finally, we propose the principle of subsidiarity and calls for linguistic sustainability, which international organizations must support within an ethical framework.

- Bastardas Boada, A. (2009). Complejidad y emergencia en lingüística y ciencias de la comunicación[Complexity and emergence in Linguistics and Communication Sciences]. Glossa. An Ambilingual Interdisciplinary Journal vol. 4, n. 2 (October).

This article shows how some instruments and conceptual perspectives provided by the ecological, chaological, holistic or complex paradigms could support to the research in Linguistics and Communication Sciences and they may also confirm, in a scientific basis, some routes which have already been started within the discipline. Therefore, we should start researching the whole signifier in the socio-mental framework and, from here; we should see how they are implicitly or eco-dependent in the form and in the included speakers at different levels of the system. This approach involves a mainstreaming and a multidimensional greening of the researchers’ focus.

- Bastardas Boada, A. (2009), “Sociolingüística y linguodiversidad: una aproximación desde la ecología compleja” / “Soziolinguistika eta hizkuntzaniztasuna ekologia konplexutik abiatutako hurbilketa” [Sociolinguistics and linguodiversity: an approach from the complex ecology], Hizkunea, Soziolinguistikako Agerkaria (Boletín de sociolingüística de la Viceconsejería de Política Lingüística del Gobierno Vasco).

Sociolinguistics is a still young interdisciplinary field that has used several theoretical models of other disciplines. This article outlines the benefits of using an ecological perspective in this field. First, we can conceive more operational what we call "context". Therefore, from this perspective, we can understand better the processes of linguistic change, shift and standardization, which will allow us to promote deeper ethical principles for linguistic diversity.

However, differences between biological ecology and linguistic or cultural one are also exposed because, in the latter, the degree of determinism may be lower and the processes renewal in the sociocultural framework may be possible for the protagonists themselves.

- Bastardas Boada, A. (2007). Linguistic sustainability for a multilingual humanity. Glossa. An Ambilingual Interdisciplinary Journal, vol. II, n. 1 & 2 (June), pp. 180-202.

Transdisciplinary analogies and metaphors are potential useful tools for thinking and creativity. The exploration of other conceptual philosophies and fields can be rewarding and can contribute to produce new useful ideas to be applied on different problems and parts of reality (Holland). The development of the so-called ‘sustainability’ approach allows us to explore the possibility of translate and adapt some of its main ideas to the organisation of human language diversity.

- Bastardas Boada, A. (2007). Les polítiques de la llengua i la identitat a l’era ‘glocal’. Barcelona: Institut d’Estudis Autonòmics, Generalitat de Catalunya.

Contact between culturally distinct human groups in the contemporary ‘glocal’  -global and local- world is much greater than at any point in history. The challenge we face is the identification of the most convenient ways to organise the coexistence of different human language groups in order that we might promote their solidarity as members of the same culturally developed biological species. Processes of economic and political integration currently in motion are seeing increasing numbers of people seeking to become polyglots. Thus, English is establishing itself as the usual world supra-language, although it coexists with other lingua francas that are widely used in certain parts of the globe. All this communicative reorganization of the human species may very well pose new problems and aggravate existing tensions as regards language and identity. It would seem that these processes comprise at least four major conceptual dimensions which must be taken into account above all else, as they are both widespread and, left unaddressed, may lead to significant social instability. These dimensions concern linguistic recognition, communicability, sustainability and integration. While accepting the utility of having an inter-national language, the keystone of the system is clearly that it must ensure the linguistic sustainability of each group. The basic principle is likely to be functional subsidiarity, i.e., whatever can be done by the local language should not be done by another one which is more global. As in the quote from Paracelsus  --“the dose alone makes the poison”-- contact between languages is not ‘poisonous’ per se, but when the correct dose is exceeded it can prove harmful to the language whose position is weaker. A multilingual and communicated humanity is possible. (See complete English version: Language and identity policies in the 'glocal' age: New processes, effects and principles or organization).

- Bastardas Boada, A. (2006). Lingüística y(psico)sociología: una interdisciplinariedad necesaria, QVR Quo Vadis Romania? - Zeitschrift für eine aktuelle Romanistik, 28, pp. 20-29. 

This article outlines the benefits to apply the complex perspective to linguistic phenomena. Specifically, it supports the view of language as a complex, rather than as an object, in which individual’s emotional and cognitive apparatus and the rest of the natural and social world are involved. Therefore, it is closer to the reality that we think languages ​​are "networks" rather than systems.

Furthermore, it is also considered useful the image of the orchestral score in linguistics. It lets us capture the multidimensionality. Finally, there is the justification of the benefits to apply the point of view of the '(social)meaning linguistics' in parallel with a' shape linguistics'.

- Bastardas Boada, A. (2005). Cap a una sostenibilitat lingüística [Towards a linguistic sustainability]. Barcelona: Angle ed. / Centre d'Estudis de Temes Contemporanis, Generalitat de Catalunya.

In this essay, which was the ex aequo IDEES award in the category of Short Essays in the edition of 2004, Albert Bastardas applies the concept of sustainability to sociolinguistics, and helps to create a framework for reflection on the implementation of a model of harmonious development of languages ​​that surpasses reductionist views of diversity.

It is a humanistic and non-instrumental or "economics" approach of the relationship among linguistic communities in order to reverse the expansion and domination trend that, until now, has governed the management of linguistic diversity. This sustainable philosophy also postulates a new moral paradigm that advocates the defence and the structuring of social values ​​shared by the formation of a new consciousness and a new collective ethic.

From the sociolinguistic point of view, this means exploring a new path that allows the development of human linguistic diversity over the expansion of large languages, and end relationships of domination and subordination that exist in relations among different linguistic groups.

The personal and group benefits of the sustainability of language groups -more self-esteem and more positive self-image group, among others- are important for the happiness of people, since the preservation of linguistic diversity and the maintenance of collective identities can contribute decisively to end poverty and anomie leaded by the disruption of the traditional ecosystem of livelihood and conservation of popular wisdom that every culture has produced.

- Bastardas Boada, A. (2003). Lingüística general: elementos para un paradigma integrador desde la perspectiva de complejidad [General linguistics: Elements for an integrative paradigm from the complexity perspective], LinRed (on-line), 11-11-2003, pp. 1-23.

The 'complexity' approach can be positive and very helpful for General Linguistics theory because departs from: a) the idea that knowledge or meaning can exist without a being who produces them, b) the fragmented and reductionist point of view of reality, c) the 'linear' causality models, d) the tendency to dichotomise the categories about reality, e) the 'third excluded' Aristotelian principle (binary logic: if something is here it is not there), f) the disappearance of the mind in some 'higher' social sciences, g) an inadequate approach of the relationships between the whole and its parts, and, h) a perspective on creativity too much based on logic and not on 'artistic' intuition and imagination in science.

- Bastardas Boada, A. (2002). Política lingüística mundial a l'era de la globalització: diversitat i intercomunicació des de la perspectiva de la "complexitat" (Català) / World language policy in the era of globalization: Diversity and intercommunication from the perspective of 'complexity ' (English). Noves SL. Revista de sociolingüística (Barcelona) (on-line).

In this article, the consequences of globalization in language are considered. In more detailed terms, there is an explanation of how the economy transnationalization causes the need to learn new languages and how innovations in communication technologies bring speakers of different languages closer expanding the areas of human interrelation. These facts lead to an increase in bilingualism or functional polyglottization, processes that can cause feelings of cultural threat and defensive reactions by some group of speakers.

Given the characteristics of this new historical phase, this article outlines the advantages of the linguistic contact management from the 'complexity' and justifies the need to give new answers in terms of the organization of language policies that ensure general maintenance of linguistic diversity from the global linguistic peace and equity.

- Bastardas Boada, A. (1996). Ecologia de les llengües. Medi, contactes i dinàmica sociolingüística [Ecology of languages. Context, contacts and sociolinguistic dynamics]. Barcelona: Proa/Enciclopèdia Catalana.

This is the book that was awarded with the prize of the Catalan Encyclopedia, 1996. It is an extensive theorizing about the phenomena related to diversity and language contact from the perspective of sociocognitive and ecological complexity.

In this context, this paper aims, on one hand, to progress in the global and integrated understanding of the processes of linguistic contact and, on the other hand, encourage and put forward the foundations and theoretical integration from an interdisciplinary and eclectic approach that can also be a contribution towards a unified and common sociolinguistic paradigm. The strategy to build it will not be a pure fusion of the contributions from different lines but a more global approach that, incardinated with other scientific disciplines more contemporaneously innovative, that enables the harmonious integration of the different sociolinguistic approaches in a deep, wide and uniform approach that leads to the closest approach to reality.

The materials for this unified approach have been extracted from everywhere that has something interesting and relevant. Theoretical physics, ecology, philosophy of science and mind, anthropology, phenomenological and procedural sociology, cognitive sciences, political science, pragmatics, the history, theory of systems, approaches to the complexity and, obviously,  sociolinguistics itself dialogue and overlap in this integration effort.

More specifically, the first section of the book briefly develops a set of ideas and principles around the provisional nature principles of scientific knowledge and approach to the ecosystem and context. The basic assertion would be that, in order to understand the functioning of a given phenomenon, we have to see its connections with its environments of existence, given the interdependence of the elements of reality. Therefore, two are the basic settings of the communication systems of human language, i.e. the linguistic varieties: the brain / mind, on one hand, and socio-cultural order, on the other. Then, the aim of the work will be exploring some of the relationships between linguistic varieties and these two contexts, trying to contribute to the understanding of the macrodynamics phenomena of language contact. Another tested principle has been the one that considers that the different orders and phenomena of reality constitute an interrelated whole, so that there are not only circular interfluencies between two variables but a set of dynamic interactions that create reality in an overlapped way. Therefore, the phenomena that are mental, interactional, collective, political and linguistic, among others, occur simultaneously and are interweaved so that one is the other and vice versa. To realize the image, the metaphor of music is used as it allows us to visualize different planes of the same single phenomenon and, at the same time, it exists in its sequentiality, i.e. in time.

Then, the focus is on large dynamic processes in which the most common phenomena of language contact occur: the policy regulation of standardization of linguistic communication and migration.

In the last chapter, the Catalan case is studied holistically. However, the different language contact processes that occur in a intertwined and interrelated way are distinguished: the standardization and widespread use of the local code, the informal and formal bilingualization of the L1 Catalan and L1 Spanish population, each one becomes bilingual learning the language of the other, and the development of intergroup relations, which can lead to cases of language shift in any of these two populations.

- Bretxa, V., Vila, F.X. i Comajoan, Ll. (en premsa). Llengües i globalització en el món de la recerca: Els coneixements i els usos lingüístics al Parc Científic de Barcelona [Languages and globalization in the research field: knowledge and language use in the Parc Científic in Barcelona]. Barcelona: Caplletra

This study investigates how, in the current global sociolinguistic situation of a general use of English as the lingua franca, the language coexists with other languages ​​(eg Spanish) in the context of Catalonia, a medium-sized language community. Specifically, this study is focused on the language use in the Parc Científic of Barcelona.

- Bretxa, V. i Vila, F.X. (in press). Els efectes lingüístics del pas de l’ensenyament primari al secundari: Mataró, un estudi de cas [The linguistic effects of the transition from primary to secundary education: Mataró, a case study]. Barcelona: Treballs de Sociolingüística Catalana, 22

This paper summarizes some of the main results on the changes in linguistic practice among teenagers from Mataró (Catalonia) from the data provided by the project called RESOL, whose data are longitudinal because it collects information from pupils when they were in the 6th course of primary school and a year later, at the end of 1st ESO (secondary school). The basis of this analysis is a diachronic comparison of some indicators of the interpersonal language use, the language choice in the media, in the consumption and the declared competences in Catalan and Spanish.

- Bretxa, V. (2009). El salt a secundària: els preadolescents, consum cultural i llengua [The leap forward the secondary school: the pre-adolescents, cultural consumption and language].Berlín: Zeitschrift für katalanistik, 22.

- Bretxa, V., Comajoan, Ll. i Sorolla, N. (2008). De les pràctiques monolingües familiars a la identificació bilingüe: el cas dels preadolescents de Mataró i la Franja [From the monolingual family practices to the bilingual identification: the case of pre-adolescents in Mataró and in the Ponent Strip]. Barcelona: Noves SL, Hivern 2009.

The article presents information about the relationship between the language used by the adolescent population from Mataró and the Ponent Strip with their parents and their linguistic identity. In particular, it studies how different sociolinguistic variables affect their relationship in order to create two linguistic subgroups: a group with a monolingual Spanish-speaking family environment that is identified with that language and another group that, although it is also involved in a monolingual family environment, shows bilingual identification.

- Bretxa, V (2007). Els usos lingüístics en les TIC de les PIMES a Catalunya[The language use of the ICT in the SMEs in Catalonia]. Barcelona: Llengua i ús. Revista Tècnica de política lingüística.

In this paper, it is reported a the first data mining on language use in the new technologies of information and communication technologies (ICT) of the Statistics on language use in small and medium enterprises of Catalonia (EULPILMES-06) produced by the Secretary for Linguistic Policy, with the support from the Statistical Institute of Catalonia. Through this study, we evaluate the language use in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the service sector in Catalonia.

-Laborda, X. (2012). De Retórica. La comunicació persuasiva[Rethoric. The persuasive comunication]. Barcelona: UOC. Edició castellana.

The word is a tool to change the world. It provides a tool for social cooperation and for domination too. The common element to both effects, the power and the understanding, is the persuasive ability of communication. The source of this knowledge, with the invention of rhetoric, is one of the oldest. This book discusses the art of convincing, that is to say the rhetoric. After an interesting historical perspective, the author uses reasons and situations of the political use of the discourse.

In this paper, a new starting point is proposed: the Charles S. Peirce’s semiotics helps clear the way for understanding the role of intonation in communication because it is considered as the ‘interpreting’ element and conceives the meaning as a process, as semiosis.

- Laborda, X. (2010). Discursos efímers instrueixen sobre comunicació institucional[Ephemeral speeches instruct on institutional communication]. en M. J. Marín et alii, Discurs polític i identitats (trans)nacionals, Anejo nº 72 de la Revista Quaderns de Filologia, València. Universitat de València, p. 161-196.

We present a corpus study on local institutional communication. It consists in ephemeral speeches that combine political oratory and advertising strategies. These are discourses that make possible to grasp, with historical perspective, communicative phenomena of collective identification, community creation and political action.

- Laborda, X. i Bassols, M. et al. (2003). Expresión-comunicación y lenguajes en la práctica educativa. Creación de proyectos, Barcelona, Octaedro.

Una desena de professors de l’Escola d’Expressio Carme Aymerich són els autors de l’obra Expresión-comunicación y lenguajes en la práctica educativa, coordinada per Mireia Bassols i editada per Octaedro amb la col·laboració de l’Institut d’Educació de l’Ajuntament de Barcelona. El llibre és el resultat del postgrau que porta el mateix nom i que s’imparteix des de fa dotze anys a la Universitat de Barcelona i l’Escola d’Expressió de l’Ajuntament de Barcelona. El seu propòsit és formar mestres i educadors en activitats didàctiques que relacionen la comunicació verbal i escrita amb l’expressió corporal, dramàtica, visual i plàstica.

- Laborda, X. (2010). School exercise books. in Juri Meda, Davide Montino, Roberto Sani, ed. School Exercise Books. A Complex Source for a History of the Approach to Schooling and Education in the 19th and 20th Centuries, Polistampa, vol. 2, cm 17x24, pp. 1616, ISBN: 978-88-596-0724-3.

Llibres escolars d’exercicis de Sol Albizu al final del règim franquista: 1970-1974. La nena Sol Albizu va estar escolaritzada durant els seus estudis primaris de primària a l’escola pública Gayarre de Barcelona, entre els anys 1965 i 1974. Des del 1970 i el 1974, va cursar els últims tres anys de l’educació primària i el primer curs d’administratiu dels 10 als 14 anys. Sol va recollir en quatre volums els seus apunts d’aquests quatre cursos (1970-1974), amb dictats, escrits i qüestionaris de Gramàtica, Geografia i història, Ciències, Matemàtiques, Religió, Política i Labors.

- Laborda, X. (2005). Historiografía Lingüística y visibilidad de la Retórica. Revista de Investigación lingüística, RIL., Nº 8, Vol. VIII, p. 85-130, Universidad de Murcia.

La histografia o la teoria de l’escriptura de la història dels estats que el discurs històric és una elaboració ideològica, una representació del real. L’objectiu principal és saber com crear la representació de la història. El nostre article tracta de la representació retòrica en la lingüística historiogràfica divulgativa. Per això, es repassa el processament en setze manuals de la història de la lingüística.

- Labraña, S. (2011). ”Reflexións sobre a situación sociolingüística galega dende o paradigma da complexidade”. Estudos de Lingüística Galega, 3, 65-82.

 Les societats actuals plurilingües i multiculturals exhibeixen un elevat grau de complexitat. L’estudi d’aquestes societats, des d’un punt de vista exclusivament lineal i determinista, podria estar abocat al fracàs ja que els seus paràmetres no tenen en compte conceptes claus de “la complexitat” com ara: sistemes en xarxa, interacció dels elements, emergència, etc. En aquest article s’intenta una aproximació d’algunes de les propostes de la complexitat a l’estudi de la sociolingüística.

- Labraña, S. (2003). ”Ampliació de la consciència lingüística plural en els alumnes a través de l’educació multicultural” a Joan Perera (ed.): Plurilingüisme i educació: els reptes del segle XXI, ICE_UB, 251-258.

Atès que la realitat no és quelcom donat sinó que es construeix (“tot fer és conèixer i tot conèixer és fer”), actuacions diferents ens haurien de portar a la creació de realitats diferents, amb la consegüent ampliació de consciència. Aquesta és la base de l’experiència educativa a l’Ensenyament Secundari de Catalunya i Galícia Proxecto Galauda que es recull en aquest treball.

- Labraña, S, i González, I (2012: en premsa). ”Transmisión interxeracional do galego no contexto multilingüe catalán” a Novas achegas ao estudo da cultura galega II. A Coruña, Universidade da Coruñas

És prou conegut que en l’evolució d’una comunitat lingüística intervenen un munt de factors polítics, socials i psicològics que només poden ser avaluats des de la perspectiva de la complexitat, i que expliquen diferents efectes per a uns mateixos condicionants externs. Aquest estudi tracta d’esbrinar les interaccions de factors que incideixen en el comportament lingüístic de les parelles mixtes (català-gallec), posant l’èmfasi en la transmissió de les llengües respectives al fills.

- Labraña, S. (2008). ”Crea identitat la llengua gallega?” a Àngels Massip (coord.): Llengua i identitat. Publicacions de la UB, 83- 95.

En l’estudi de les identitats enfocat a l’anàlisi sociolingüística d’una comunitat, creiem que es barregen dos conceptes que no són exactament intercanviables: identitat i pertinença, doncs si bé la identitat implica pertinença, això no passa al contrari. Això explicaria casos com el gallec, on la llengua pròpia del territori no és un factor imprescindible d’identitat per a bona part de la població.

- Labraña, S., i Del Castillo, E. (2007). ”Catalán e galego. Do coñecemento das linguas á convivencia das culturas”. Actas del VII Congreso Internacional de Estudos Galegos (maig de 2003). A Coruña, Ediciós do Castro.

Aquest treball explora la percepció de les diferències lingüístiques i culturals de la societat catalana d’un grup de 10 universitaris de la UB, estudiants de gallec, sense vinculació familiar amb Galícia. El seu discurs reflecteix postures que s’inscriuen en un enfocament holístic i sistèmic (per tant, dins el paradigma de la complexitat) del context lingüístic i cultural; per exemple: no som nosaltres davant dels altres, sinó nosaltres al costat dels altres.

- Massip-Bonet, Â. (2013). El llenguatge: una visió des de la teoria de la complexitat[Language: an approach from the theory of complexity]. Llengua, Societat i Comunicació [Language, Society and Comunication], 11, pp. 20-24.

In this paper we aim to highlight the interest of the prospect CAS (language considered as a Complex Adaptive System) for research on language and in particular for the research on linguistic variation. We talk about evolution of language, understood as the cognitive processes that give rise to cultural and linguistic change.

The CAS approach considers language as an emergent phenomenon, "the result of activity, collective and cumulative behavior of linguistic agents over time" (Frank and Gontier 2013:39).

-Massip-Bonet, À. (2013). Language as a Complex Adaptive System: Towards an Integrative Linguistics, in: Massip-Bonet, M. À., & A. Bastardas-Boada (eds.), Complexity perspectives on language, communication and society. Berlin: Springer, pp. 35-60.

The author justifies the title of this chapter by offering a general approach to the perspective of complexity and introducing the wide range of language used in connection with complexity. There is an introduction to terminology as redefined within the framework of complexity because we think that agreement on the terminology of the main concepts will provide a basis of
common language for all the chapters of this book. The objective of the chapter is to promote progress in the formulation and dissemination of transdisciplinary knowledge from the perspective of complexity, with special regard to its application in the field of language, the tool used to convey both thought and method. For this to happen, it is necessary to rethink science, including the human sciences, by means of an approach that cross-cuts disciplines and takes into account all those aspects which will allow us to find a shared language. This is because human phenomena require a way of thinking that is able to account for the interrelated and systematic nature of its internal and external dynamics. The development of a complex perspective will drive us toward a deeper understanding of human phenomena in general since they may well be the most complex in existence. This chapter also aims to set out guidelines for developing a vision of linguistics guided by the perspective of complexity.

- Massip-Bonet, À. and Llordella, J. (2011). Dialectologia a través de la parla del Baix Llobregat. [Knowing the dialectology through the Baix Llobregat language]. Edicions del Llobregat.

Es tracta d’un resum dels mètodes i les eines de la disciplina, amb un conjunt de pautes bàsiques aplicables a estudis concrets. Es recull també una descripció de trets fonètics, morfològics, sintàctics i lèxics de la parla del Baix Llobregat per fornir els estudiants de claus metodològiques i organitzatives per a qualsevol estudi de la parla. Cadascun dels aspectes plantejats en el llibre va acompanyat d’activitats per exemplificar o per fer pràctiques a través d’internet en el CD adjunt.

- Massip-Bonet, À. and Veny i Clar, J. (2010). Scripta Eivissenca. Barcelona: Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Scripta Eivissenca recull textos procedents de l’illa d’Eivissa des del segle XIV fins al segle XXI, seguits tots d’observacions lingüístiques sobre la fonètica que reflecteixen les grafies i els aspectes de morfologia, sintaxi o lèxic que considerem remarcables i que manifesten aspectes de l’oralitat eivissenca (sempre a través de l’scripta). Els textos pertanyen a diversos tipus de gèneres (majoritàriament són no literaris), des de cartes privades o públiques a declaracions en judicis. Al final del volum hi ha un glossari amb totes les paraules que surten comentades en les anàlisis lingüístiques i, al costat, la referència al text on surten (any i gènere). Els textos sense comentar es poden consultar en la web del projecte (Diatopia i canvi lingüístic: Scripta i projecció dialectal FFI2009-12627, que ha comptat amb l’ajut del MICCIN des de 1996).

- Massip-Bonet, À. and Veny i Clar, J. (2011). Scripta Menorquina. Barcelona: Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Es tracta d’un conjunt de textos que ofereixen una àmplia perspectiva de totes les àrees dialectals del domini lingüístic de l’illa, amb temàtiques i gèneres tan diversos com poden ser les rondalles, la poesia, els sermons o la gastronomia. El valor d’aquesta obra resideix precisament en la gran quantitat de textos recollits, un total de cent dinou, que van acompanyats d’una anàlisi molt acurada de les seves característiques gràfiques, fonètiques, morfosintàctiques i lèxiques. Aquesta obra forma part del projecte de recerca Diatopia i canvi lingüístic. Scripta i variació dialectal.

- Massip-Bonet, À. and Veny i Clar, J. (2009). Diacronia i diatopia en el català baleàric segons dades del projecte de recerca Scripta i projecció dialectal. [Diachrony and diatopia in Balearic Catalan, according to the research project Scripta and dialectal projection]. Alacant: Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana.

En aquest article es resumeixen els objectius i l’estat del projecte Scripa i es sintetitzen algunes de les dades lingüístiques que es poden extreure de l’explotació dels textos eivissencs.

-Massip-Bonet, À. (2007). La variabilité en langue: Théorie et complexité. [Variation in language: theory and complexity]. Gent: Phrasis. Studies in Language and Literature. Vol. 46 (2005) 2, p. 85-99.

En aquest treball es proposa una perspectiva multidisciplinària en el llenguatge per tal de descriure la variació sincrònica, que també reflecteix les diferents dinàmiques diacròniques. Alhora, aquest enfocament centra la nostra atenció en les relacions entre els elements. També tracta d'il·lustrar el que anomenem lingüística integracional (Massip 2003), que proposem que es desenvolupi en el marc teòric de la complexitat.

- Massip-Bonet, À. (2006). Llengua, identitat i cultura. [Language, Identity and Culture]. In Llengua i Identitat. [Language and Identity). Barcelona: Fundació Congrés de Cultura Catalana.

Aquest article tracta sobre la multidimensionalitat del concepte d’identitat.

- Massip-Bonet, À. (2008). Llengua i Identitat [Language and Identity]. Publicacions de la Universitat de Barcelona/ Dursi.

El Centre Universitari de Sociolingüística i Comunicació (CUSC) va acollir entre finals del 2005 i principis del 2006 la celebració del cicle de conferències “Llengua i identitat”: conferències que, en la seva majoria, es recullen aquí i donen compte de la situació sociolingüística a territoris de parla catalana i a territoris d’altres llengües de l’Estat espanyol i de l’Estat francès i italià.

- Massip, M. À. (2008). Llengua, identitat i cultura: de la cognició a la societat. [Language, Identity and Culture: from cognition to society]. In Llengua i Identitat [Language and Identity]. Publicacions de la Universitat de Barcelona/ Dursi.

Aquest article emmarca els conceptes de llengua, identitat i cultura de la teoria de la complexitat, fonamenta les relacions entre aquests conceptes amb bases biològiques i posa de relleu la importància dels estudis neurocientífics en la comprensió del funcionament cognitiu humà i de la seva relació amb la cultura i amb l’educació.

- Massip-Bonet, À. (2004). Les conjonctions temporelles et leur changement syntaxico-semantique vers les adversatives, concessives, conditionnelles, causales et consécutives. [Temporal conjunctions and their change in syntax and semantics towards adversatives, concessionals, conditionals, causals and consecutives], in Parole Romanze. Scritti per Michel Contini. Alessandria : Edizioni dell’Orso.

Aquest article tracta les conjuncions temporals i analitza els canvis sintacticosemàntics que experimenten en relació amb les conjuncions adversatives, concessives, condicionals, causals i consecutives.

- Massip-Bonet, À. (2007). Canvi i variació: Noves metàfores, noves prospeccions .[Change and variation: New metaphors, new enquiries] in Actes del 13è Congrés de l’AILLC (Universitat de Girona, 8-12 setembre de 2003).Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, pàgs. 235-244.

Tracta de consideracions que ens poden ajudar a entendre més bé o a emmarcar millor no només els fenòmens estrictament lingüístics —referits a la llengua—, sinó també a plantejar-nos aspectes epistemològics, a reflexionar sobre com fem lingüística i com fem ciència.

- Puig-Giralt, E. (2012). Communication Situations: A Dialogic Quiz?, in: Massip-Bonet, M.À., & A. Bastardas-Boada (eds.), Complexity perspectives on language, communication and society. Berlin: Springer, pp. 85-93.

Considering the new proposals of what we understand nowadays as “the knowledge society”, the conventional concepts of taxonomy, non-flexible frames and closed systems of categorization applied to scientific proceedings, seems to be more a blocking artifices than useful operational tools. As a result of that, a crucial aspect to note is that one of the weaker points with regards to a cognitive issue is the lack of interaction of individuals with their own environment. From the structural analysis applied in different fields it can be observed that the asynchrony and some distortions between the data input mind processing and their interpretation are more due to communication competence and a definition of meaning, than to any technology involved. Thus, the concept of ecosystem, considering ourselves as a part of it, is just the starting point from the perspective of cognitive sciences. That means that the criteria of opposition as a categorial system, as well as the consideration of any static frame or model, are far to be a a suitable way for a complexity issue.

- Soler i Carbonell, J. (2010). Llengües mitjanes' i 'llengües internacionals' en contacte a Catalunya i Estònia en l'era 'glocal'. Una anàlisi sociolingüística comparada. Tesi doctoral llegida a la Universitat de Barcelona, Departament de Lingüística General, Facultat de Filologia.

Tesi doctoral en què s'estudia de manera comparada el contacte entre comunitats amb 'llengües mitjanes' i comunitats amb 'llengües internacionals' en l'era de la globalització o 'era glocal' (això és, global i local alhora). Els casos d'anàlisi són Catalunya i Estònia i l'estudi es basteix des del punt de vista de les 'ideologies lingüístiques' dels parlants en cada territori. S'observa que les ideologies lingüístiques tenen un pes fonamental a l'hora de modificar els contextos ecolingüístics de cada lloc, que el valor instrumental de les llengües, reforçat en l'era postmoderna, ha pogut beneficiar les 'llengües mitjanes' de cada context i que els 'horitzons lingüístics mentals' són també elements molt importants a l'hora de valorar positivament l'adquisició d'una 'llengua mitjana'; en això darrer hi té un paper important la situació legal i jurídica del context.

- Soler i Carbonell, J. (2012, en premsa). Els reptes de les llengües mitjanes a Catalunya i Estònia en l’era ‘glocal’. Una perspectiva comparada de les ideologies lingüístiques dels seus parlants. Revista de Llengua i Dret Vol 57.

Síntesi de la tesi doctoral de l'autor (vegeu resum anterior); s'hi presenten alguns dels elements més importants d'aquest estudi, els eixos principals de l'anàlisi i les conclusions a què s'arriba.

-Soler i Carbonell, J. (2011). Speakers’ evaluations of the Estonian and the Russian languages in Tallinn. Between linguistic stability and interethnic tension. Eesti ja Soome-ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri (ESUKA) – Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics (JEFUL) 2, 1, pp. 315-333. Tartu: University of Tartu.

Presentació preliminar de les dades del treball de camp realitzat a Estònia; inclou algunes de les opinions recollides en forma d'entrevistes i grups de discussió amb informants estonians i russòfons. S'apunten algunes de les línies principals d'investigació, les quals es reprenen i s'analitzen en profunditat en estudis posteriors.

-Soler i Carbonell, J. (2010). Estònia i les migracions russòfones. Breu repàs de l’estat de la qüestió. LSC - Llengua, Societat i Comunicació, 8, pp. 93-102. Barcelona: CUSC-UB, Universitat de Barcelona.

Article on s'exposen, resumidament, els contextos històric, polític, econòmic i cultural (lingüístic) de les migracions russòfones a Estònia parant especial atenció a les darreres dues dècades, és a dir, d'ençà de la recuperació de la independència del país (1991).

- Viana, A. (2004). Acròbates de l’emoció. Tarragona: Arola (ISBN 84-95985-88-8).

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